Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN Diets for Change in Weight and Related Risk Factors Among Overweight Premenopausal Women . Potential benefits and risks have not been tested adequately. Objective. Secondary outcomes included lipid profile (low- density lipoprotein, high- density lipoprotein, and non.
Outcomes were assessed at months 0, 2, 6, and 1. The Tukey studentized range test was used to adjust for multiple testing.
Results. Mean 1. 2- month weight loss was as follows: Atkins, . Weight loss was not statistically different among the Zone, LEARN, and Ornish groups.
The ongoing obesity epidemic, 1 along with its health costs and consequences 2 and the health benefits of weight loss, 3- 6 have been well established.
At 1. 2 months, secondary outcomes for the Atkins group were comparable with or more favorable than the other diet groups. Conclusions. While questions remain about long- term effects and mechanisms, a low- carbohydrate, high- protein, high- fat diet may be considered a feasible alternative recommendation for weight loss. Trial Registration.
National dietary weight loss guidelines (ie, energy- restricted, low in fat, high in carbohydrate)7 have been challenged, particularly by proponents of low- carbohydrate diets. However, limited evidence has been available to effectively evaluate other diets. Several recent trials compared low- carbohydrate vs traditional low- fat, high- carbohydrate weight- loss diets. The primary study objective was to examine the effects of diets and gradations of carbohydrate intake on weight loss and related metabolic variables in overweight and obese premenopausal women. Premenopausal women aged 2.
Women were excluded if they self- reported hypertension (except for those whose blood pressure was stable using antihypertension medications); type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus; heart, renal, or liver disease; cancer or active neoplasms; hyperthyroidism unless treated and under control; any medication use known to affect weight/energy expenditure; alcohol intake of at least 3 drinks/d; or pregnancy, lactation, no menstrual period in the previous 1. Race/ethnicity data were collected by self- report to be used for descriptive purposes and possible ancillary analyses of subgroups.
All study participants provided written informed consent. The study was approved annually by the Stanford University Human Subjects Committee. Randomization was conducted in blocks of 2. Participants were assigned 1 of 4 diet books: Dr Atkins' New Diet Revolution,8. Enter the Zone,9. The LEARN Manual for Weight Management,1.
Eat More, Weigh Less by Ornish. Each diet group attended 1- hour classes led by a registered dietitian once per week for 8 weeks and covered approximately one eighth of their respective books per class. The same dietitian taught all classes to all groups in all 4 cohorts and was rated by participants at the end of the 8- week sessions for enthusiasm and knowledge of the material (rating scale of 1- 5, from . The LEARN program is intended to be a 1.
- I've been taking Topamax for 5 months for migraines. It has worked very well for me. The only side effect I have experienced is weight loss, which I am thrilled about.
- Interesting facts about honey and cinnamon for weight loss. Cinnamon is combined with honey in this delicious mixture, which recipe is revealed below.
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Efforts to maximize retention in the study included e- mail and telephone reminders for appointments, e- mail or telephone contact from staff between the 2- and 6- month and between the 6- and 1. Each group received specific target goals according to the emphasis of the assigned diet.
38 Fast Weight Loss Tips & Tricks including those with & without exercise, diet tips and best foods to eat to help you lose weight faster.
The Atkins group aimed for 2. The Zone group's primary emphasis was a 4. The LEARN group was instructed to follow a prudent diet that included 5. The primary emphasis for the Ornish group was no more than 1. Additional recommendations given for physical activity, nutritional supplements, and behavioral strategies were consistent with those presented in each diet book.
The guidelines for the Zone and LEARN diets incorporated specific goals for energy restriction, while for the Atkins and Ornish diets, there were no specific energy restriction goals. A range of behavior modification techniques were discussed during the 2- month classes. The Ornish and Zone books suggest some stimulus- control strategies but on the whole do not emphasize behavior modification, whereas both the Atkins and LEARN books suggest multiple strategies, such as relapse preparation and planning strategies and goal setting. Overall, the LEARN manual has the greatest emphasis on behavior modification strategies. Dietary intake data were collected by telephone- administered, 3- day, unannounced, 2. Nutrition Data System for Research software, versions 4. Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis).
Data collectors were trained and certified by the Nutrition Coordinating Center. The recalls occurred on 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day per time point, on nonconsecutive days whenever possible. Local foods not found in the comprehensive database were added to the database manually. Energy expenditure was assessed using the well- established Stanford 7- day physical activity recall. Anthropometric Data. Height was measured to the nearest millimeter using a standard wall- mounted stadiometer. Body weight was measured to the nearest 0.
Waist and hip circumference were measured to the nearest millimeter by standard procedures using a 1. Whole- body fat (percentage of body mass) was determined by dual- energy x- ray absorptiometry using pencil- beam mode on the Hologic QDR- 2. Hologic QDR 4. 50. Hologic Inc, Waltham, Mass).
Metabolic Measures. Blood samples were collected after a 1. Plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides (free glycerol blank subtracted) were measured enzymatically using Stanford Clinical Chemistry Laboratory.
Clinic and laboratory staff members were blinded to treatment assignment. The selected minimal clinically significant between- group difference in weight change was 2.
Based on previous trials, we projected a 6. SD of weight change. The primary analysis was conducted applying intention- to- treat methods with baseline values carried forward for missing values. Thus, with 4 treatment groups and a projected 7.
Dietary composition data (energy intake; percentage carbohydrate, fat, and protein; and grams of saturated fat and fiber) were analyzed using raw, unadjusted means (SDs) (ie, no imputation for missing data). Between- group differences in dietary intake at each time point were tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA).
For weight and for all secondary outcome measures, analyses were conducted using all time points and all diets and were tested for diet group. Triglyceride data were log- transformed to attain normal distributions for testing; for ease of interpretation, values presented in the text and figures are untransformed. Differences among diets for 1. ANOVA. For statistically significant ANOVAs, all pairwise comparisons among the 4 diets were tested using the Tukey studentized range adjustment. Statistical testing of changes from baseline to 2 months and to 6 months using pairwise comparisons are presented for descriptive purposes. For exploratory purposes, ancillary analyses were conducted to determine the effect of diet group assignment on secondary outcomes at 1.
Also for exploratory purposes, all analyses of weight and secondary outcome measures were tested using only available data, without using baseline values carried forward for missing data or other imputation methods. There were no substantive differences in any of these findings compared with the analyses with baseline values carried forward and, therefore, only the primary analyses are presented.
Multiple regression was used to examine potential interactions between race/ethnicity and diet group for effects on weight loss; there were no significant interactions. All statistical tests were 2- tailed using a significance level of . Figure 1 shows participant flow; Table 1 shows baseline characteristics. In all 4 diet groups, 8. Attendance was not different by diet group (P. Retention at 1. 2 months was 8.
Atkins, Zone, LEARN, and Ornish groups, respectively, and was not significantly different among groups (P. Participant ratings for class instructor enthusiasm and knowledge of material were very high for both among all diet groups and were not significantly different among groups; average scores ranged from 4. However, relative to baseline, there was a significant mean decrease in reported energy intake at all postrandomization time points (P<. At subsequent time points the diets were statistically different in carbohydrate content, progressing from low to high across the Atkins, Zone, LEARN, and Ornish groups. This same pattern was observed for fiber intake. The reverse pattern, higher to lower intakes, was statistically significant for protein, fat, and saturated fat at all time points.
Between- group differences in patterns of nutrient intake were largest at 2 months. At 1. 2 months, the patterns of nutrient differences between groups were still present, but the magnitude of differences was diminished. Total energy expenditure was slightly higher for the Ornish group vs the other 3 groups at baseline but was not significantly different among groups at any subsequent time point (Table 1). Relative to baseline, there was a modest and significant mean increase (P<. SD, 2. 8), +0. 4 (SD, 2. SD, 3. 0) kcal/kg per day at 2, 6, and 1.
At the 2- and 6- month intermediate time points, the weight change for the Atkins group was significantly greater than for all other groups (P<. Weight change among the Zone, LEARN, and Ornish groups did not differ significantly at any time point. The pattern of changes in body mass index, percentage of body fat, and waist- hip ratio among groups paralleled the changes in weight, although the between- group differences at 1. P. Four of the LDL- C values could not be calculated because of triglyceride concentrations greater than 4. L (4. 5. 2 mmol/L) and were treated as missing data. At all time points, the statistically significant findings for HDL- C and triglycerides concentrations favored the Atkins group (Table 3). Changes in LDL- C concentrations at 2 months favored the LEARN and Ornish diets over the Atkins diet; however, these differences diminished and were no longer significant at 6 and 1.
Non- HDL- C differences among groups were not significant at any time point.
The body will always lose weight when in a caloric deficit. Even if that weight loss is then counterbalanced by the aforementioned gain in water/glycogen/muscle.
Muscle Weighs More Than Fat?(Sometimes a reader will. This is one of those times.)QUESTION: I’m trying to lose fat, but I seem to have reached a weight loss plateau. My weight has remained exactly the same for about 4 weeks straight even though I’m eating right and working out. Is it possible that I’m still losing fat but just gaining equal amounts of muscle? I’ve heard muscle weighs more than fat, so I figured the muscle I’m building is replacing the fat I’m losing and it’s causing my weight to remain the same even though I’m still losing fat just fine?
Is this what’s happening? ANSWER: Boy do I love this question.
It contains 2 elements that I love (a mostly silly idea and a meaningless saying), and this gives me a chance to kill 2 birds with 1 stone. But right now I want to look at the specific cause this person referenced in their question. They claim that despite eating right/working out with the intent to lose weight, they aren’t.
In fact, it’s been 4 weeks since they’ve lost any weight at all, which means they have officially hit the dreaded weight loss plateau. Now, since “weight” can be a few different things besides just fat, IT IS possible that they are losing fat, but that “fat weight” is being counterbalanced by the gain in some other form of weight. For example, weight loss and weight gain can happen as a result of: fatmusclewaterglycogenpoopall of the above. So sure, there is a possibility that a pound of fat was successfully lost in the same period of time that a pound of something else was gained, thus making it appear as though you’ve hit a fat loss plateau even though some fat WAS actually lost (which means you’re just experiencing a weight loss plateau, and now you can see the difference between the two).
This is why it’s a good idea to monitor your progress using more than just your body weight (for example measurements, body fat percentage, pictures, mirror, etc.). Daily, weekly and even monthly (if you know what I mean, ladies) fluctuations in body weight as a result of some of the items on the list above can skew actual fat loss progress. No doubt about that. But let’s get back to this person’s exact question? Is it possible that they are losing fat but just gaining muscle at an equal rate? Let’s see. Probably not.
You’re Not Gaining Muscle. Fat loss is too of course, but it absolutely destroys muscle growth in terms of the rate and quantity it commonly occurs at. I mean, the average natural male who is past the beginners stage and doing everything right might gain 0. The average female fitting the same description might gain half of that. On the other hand, the average person with an average amount of fat to lose will typically lose it at a rate of 1- 2lbs per week without a problem.
So the clear message here is that in most of the cases where you see NO weight loss for an extended period of time and think it’s because “muscle weighs more than fat” and you’re really losing fat but just simultaneously gaining an equal amount of muscle at an equal rate. And by “probably,” I mean you’re wrong 9. And when you take into consideration that women are capable of building muscle at about HALF the speed of men, you’ll understand why it’s so extra funny. And let’s also keep in mind that if you’re truly losing fat, it means you’re in a caloric deficit. And with the exception of fat beginners, steroid users and those who are regaining lost muscle, the majority of the population will not be building ANY muscle in a caloric deficit (let alone exceeding the best- case- scenario numbers and gaining muscle at the same rate fat is being lost at). So yeah. Um, No. And please, for the love of God, can we all stop saying this nonsensical phrase? Muscle weighs more than fat.
I got 2. 0 bucks that says they will both weigh 5 pounds. What’s that you say? Problem is, as someone who has watched people use this phrase for 1.
I can tell you with absolute certainty that 9. This is just some silly saying/excuse that people throw around to try to make sense of their weight loss plateau or really just their inability to do what’s needed for fat to be lost (sort of like “starvation mode“). Here’s an exaggerated case in point?
You must be building muscle! You know what they say. Keep up the good work!”Sorry Sally, but you’re just failing to create the caloric deficit that is required for fat loss to take place. Eat less calories, burn more calories, or do a combination of both.
I got another 2. 0 bucks that says you’ll magically bust right through your plateau.
We took an in- depth look into Lepti. Burn ingredients, any relevant side effects and clinical research. Additionally, we dissected hundreds of verified comments. Then, we summarized everything to give you just the information you need. Leptiburn Readers: Click here to find out why we're giving away samples of our product, Leptigen.
What is Lepti. Burn? First off, Lepti. Burn is a fat- burner.
The Lepti. Burn ingredients are green tea extract, irvingia gabonensis, 5- Hydroxytryptophan and aframomum melegueta seed. You take two pills, twice a day. With regular use, you’re supposed to notice improvements in fat- loss, while breaking through weight- loss plateaus. Biotrust Nutrition, founded in 2. Lepti. Burn 2. 0. The official website sells the supplement, as well as trusted. I also do aerobic exercises everyday for one hour and thought that would be helpful especially after the .
I wasn’t hydrating my body,” reported a customer. One says, “No side effects experienced.”Another stated, “I have been on Lepti. Burn for about 2 months, and have no side effects at all. There’s a benefit to dieters when they don’t experience adverse reactions while using Lepti. Burn. The Science – “Any Evidence?”The official Lepti. Burn website states the. Studies on the website are not as supportive as we’d like to see, but we do know the caffeine and green tea .
In total, there are more than 2. At Diet. Spotlight, research is a critical part of choosing the best product. The Bottom Line – Does Lepti.
Burn Work? Will Lepti. Burn help you lose those pounds? We like the longevity of the company and that it uses some natural ingredients. We also like that there’s research supporting the key elements in the formula. If you want to improve weight- loss, you may want to consider adding. The formula is a proprietary blend of four ingredients, which have been shown in published clinical research to help accelerate fat loss, curb appetite. According to co- founder Josh Benzoni, leptin works as the dominant hormone controlling functions of all other weight loss hormones.
Increasing leptin production and restoring leptin sensitivity would, in theory, promote weight loss and help dieters break through weight loss plateaus. There is little doubt that leptin is significantly intertwined with appetite and weight control, but can an herbal formula alter leptin levels and leptin sensitivity to promote weight loss? While you think about that question, we'd like to point out Metabo Matrix is another weight loss supplement used to help dieters lose up to 3. Several of these ingredients are found in other diet products Meta Ignite, but also some that are unique to this formulation. We decided to do a little research of our own to see if the ingredients in Lepti. Burn are as effective as Bio.
Trust Nutrition claims them to be. We were able to locate a study by Eamon P.
Rafferty, et al published in Scientia Pharmaceutica in 2. The study reported a 4.
GLP- 1 in rats given olive leaf extract. GLP- 1 is associated with insulin sensitivity and decreased appetite, but ileal cells release GLP- 1 when nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins and fats hit the small intestine. Lepti. Burn is taken on an empty stomach thus the effects could help signal a feeling of fullness before the morning and afternoon meals essentially reducing the amount of food intake to promote weight loss.
Another product that Bio. Trust offeres to help with weight- loss is Bio. Trust Low Carb Protein Powder. Brown seaweed extract is a good source of fucoxanthin and iodine.
Fucoxanthin has been named in numerous clinical studies on weight loss . Human studies are not as readily available, but we were able to find one study on obese, non- diabetic women with normal liver fat levels and no indication of non- alcoholic fatty liver disease that showed fucoxanthin, when paired with pomegranate seed oil, promoted weight loss. Lepti. Burn does not contain pomegranate seed oil. Biotrust Nutrition mentions a study claiming fucoxanthin decreases leptin levels. If Lepti. Burn increases leptin levels why add an ingredient that decreases leptin levels? Irvingia gabonensis is an excellent source of fiber. Fiber is commonly added to weight loss supplements to slow digestion and promote satiety.
There is some evidence the seed extract can help lower high cholesterol, but weight loss studies are not as conclusive, and not to the extent Cholestoff would. Bio. Trust Nutrition mentions a study that shows irvingia gabonensis increases leptin sensitivity by reducing C- reactive protein. We found the study published in the journal Lipids in Health and Disease. According to the study, participants were given 3,1. Lepti. Burn supplies just 3.
There is no comparison between the clinical study and the amount of extract supplied by Lepti. Burn . Clinical animal studies have shown panax notoginseng significantly reduces bleeding time. The extract may also have liver protective qualities.
Bio. Trust Nutrition quotes a study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology in 2. The study administered 2. In a 2. 00- lb human the amount of panax notoginseng required to produce comparable results would be more than 1. Saponins are secondary metabolites found in panax notoginseng. Panax notoginseng was not injected as a whole extract. Green tea extract and yerba mate extract are, in our opinion, the best ingredients in Lepti.
Burn. Both are clinically supported in human weight loss. At times, when diet supplement products are combined with healthy meal plans and programs, similar to Military Diet, they can help aid in weight loss. Other fat burning products with similar ingredients are Phytodren and Shred Jym. Green tea extract is an excellent source of caffeine and EGCG and yerba mate is a source of caffeine.
Bio. Trust Nutrition mentions these ingredients supply caffeine, but the total amount of caffeine supplied is not noted. Dieters sensitive to caffeine may need to exercise caution when taking Lepti. Burn or any supplement containing caffeine. A similar product, Zantrex, also contains Caffeine to help boost metabolism, but is unclear with how much caffeine is actually in the product.
Advantages with Leptiburn. All ingredients and amounts in Lepti. Burn are listed online. Disadvantages with Leptiburn. The total amount of caffeine supplied per serving is not listed. Conclusion. Bio. Trust Nutrition claims that Lepti.
Burn will increase leptin levels, promote leptin sensitivity and help the dieter lose more weight. The company offers clinical- evidence for some of the ingredients.
We like their satisfactory BBB rating, the strong dose of green tea extract and the addition of caffeine. If you order three, the price drops to $6. You can earn a further discount to $5. How do you take Biotrust Leptiburn? You should take two Biotrust capsules twice daily. Each bottle contains 6.
You may want to drink a full glass of water with each serving. Can I take Biotrust Leptiburn if I have a health condition? If you’re pregnant or nursing, those with health conditions, anyone taking prescription medications or those under 1. What do users like about Leptiburn ? Some users like that the company has been around for a number of years and there is the strong Better Business Bureau (BBB) rating.
What do users NOT like about Biotrust Leptiburn? We found users didn’t like not finding Leptiburn sooner.
Is Leptiburn safe for vegetarians? Yes, there are no animal products in the formula, and the capsules are made with vegetarian- friendly ingredients. How long before I can expect to see results with Leptiburn ?
The official website recommends using the product for at least 6. Who makes Leptiburn? Bio. TRUST Nutrition is the makers of Leptiburn. How do I contact Leptiburn customer service? You can contact Biotrust Leptiburn customer service by emailing support@biotrust.
Bio. TRUST Nutrition 1. Congress Ave. Suite 4. Austin, TX 7. 87. Can I contact Biotrust through social media? Yes, you can contact Biotrust through Facebook and Twitter.
Does Leptiburn offer any special deal or discounts? Yes, Leptiburn offers deals and discounts. If you purchase three bottles, you receive a 7% discount. Purchasing six bottles and you receive a 1. Another supplement we’re keeping our eye on is one called Leptigen. Click above. Leptiburn Ingredients and Supplement Facts.
Serving Size: 2 Capsules. Serving Per Container: 6. Amount per Serving% DVGreen Tea Extract (4.
EGCG)5. 00mg*Irvingia Gabonensis Extract (IGOB1. Hydroxytryptophan. Aframomum Melegueta Seed. Other Ingredients: Gelatin, rice flour, magnesium stearate, sililcon dioxide. We thoroughly researched the Leptiburn ingredients to give you the important facts. Green Tea Extract.
Unlike black and oolong varieties, green tea is unfermented. This herb is well known for its health benefits. In fact, it has been used to lower blood pressure, treat high cholesterol levels, boost immune system health and assist with obesity. It contains EGCG (antioxidants) and the stimulant caffeine. This tea may also increase energy levels and improve mental focus.
Clinical Research. Some research has linked green tea to heart disease prevention. For instance, a 2. Journal of the American Medical Association concluded that, . The seeds of this fruit are often used for medicine. This plant has been used to treat obesity, diabetes, and high cholesterol levels.
What is it Supposed to Do? The claim is that irvingia gabonensis helps promote a feeling of satiety, while lowering fat and cholesterol levels. Often this extract is used in over- the- counter diet supplements. Although the percentage of body fat was not significantly reduced with both placebo and IG, the waist circumference and hip circumference were significantly reduced by Irvingia gabonensis. It is sometimes used to treat depression, sleep disorders, anxiety, insomnia, headaches, PMS symptoms, down syndrome and even obesity.
What is it Supposed to Do? Hydroxytryptophan is often added to diet products and weight- loss supplements to help elevate mood.
Honey and Cinnamon for Weight Loss. As I promised, in my previous post about the benefits of cinnamon, in this one, about Honey and Cinnamon for Weight Loss, I will share with you an interesting fact, I found a few days ago, about the almost miraculous weight loss effect of cinnamon.
As you can see from the title the cinnamon for weight loss is combined with honey in a delicious mixture, which recipe I am just about to reveal: Honey and Cinnamon Weight Loss Drink. RECIPEIngredients. Preparation. Mix the cinnamon with the cup of boiling water (8 oz) and let it cool a little (1. Then add the honey and stir until it dissolves within the cinnamon tea. Stir the drink and filter it. Serving. Take one half (4 oz) of the drink before breakfast (on an empty stomach) and the other half – a few hours after dinner, before going to bed. If you make the drink in the evening – take the first half before going to bed, and put the rest in the fridge.
First thing in the next morning – take it out of the fridge and let it stay at room temperature for 1. DO NOT WARM UP the honey and cinnamon drink in the microwave! Weight loss success stories. People who have tried this amazing weight loss drink say that they have lost about 3 kg (6- 7 lbs) for 1 week.
I know it sounds too good and easy to be true, but I do believe it really works. I will try it myself in the next couple of weeks, actually as soon as I supply myself with the necessary ingredients – cinnamon and honey. For now I got only the water .
Here it is: Does Honey and Cinnamon Drink Have Any Possible Side Effects. And I also would like to share with you one of the last comments (thanks to Michelle), so that anybody can read it.
It pretty much sums up everything you need to know about the honey and cinnamon drink: Just want to let you know I have been doing a lot of research of many sites. They say Not to add the honey while the liquid is hot. This will kill the effects of the honey. Mix 1/2 tsp cinnamon with 8 oz of boiling water and let it cool for half an hour, then add the 1 tsp of honey. Stir well and drink 4 of the 8oz first thing in the morning on an empty stomach and the rest on an empty stomach before bed. They also recommend pure raw unprocessed or uncooked honey. Again the heating process will kill the honey benefits.
If you have success stories and results to share with us, please do that at: Have You Tried Honey and Cinnamon for Weight Loss. Other Popular Posts about Honey and Cinnamon: Cinnamon – a Miracle in a Half Teaspoon. Have You Tried Honey and Cinnamon for Weight Loss. Benefits of Honey for Fat Loss. Honey and Cinnamon for Lowering Cholesterol. Honey and Cinnamon Drink Possible Side Effects.
If you do have a Facebook account, please feel free to join our closed Facebook discussion group about Honey and Cinnamon Drink. You are welcome to join here! There will be a lot of sharing and discussions about the original recipe preparation. Everyone is free to share their experience and weight loss results in our closed group. You will be able to post your photos and videos of making the Honey and Cinnamon Drink.